CADRE Analytic

• Formulated on a precise finite element method
• Flow rate and pressure
• Hydraulic grade lines, energy lines
• Power available, required, and lost
• Forces on joints and fittings
• Joint and fitting losses
• Pump requirements
• Turbine requirements, unit discharge
• Cavitation evaluation
• Variable viscosity, temperature, and vapor pressure within the system
• Unrestricted variations of Reynold's number within the system
• Unlimited complex 3D networks and piping layouts

Flow elements

The elements used in CADRE Flow to construct flow networks are based on a simple straight section of pipe with a constant diameter.

 Although the element is based on a simple pipe, it is actually a container for devices and flow properties.

The pipes can be designated as one-way pipes to account for check valves.

The element can be assigned a device such as a pump (input) or a turbine (output).

The element can also be designated as a tank which is modeled and displayed as a very wide diameter pipe.

Element properties that are typically assigned are length, diameter, roughness, and discrete loss factors.

Element losses

•  pipe friction losses are calculated according to the Darcy equation based on their assigned lengths and roughness or__
• or by discrete (minor) loss factors, or a combination of both factors and friction so that configuration and fitting losses can be included.

In establishing pipe friction, the full range of Reynolds number are considered from laminar, through transition, to turbulent so that a proper friction factor is automatically provided irrespective of the flow velocity in the element.

Flow elements

The models can be considered schematic (with assigned lengths for elements) or geometric (with element lengths determined by the coordinates of the system drawing) or a combination of both. Likewise, the elevation of nodes (for gravity effects) can be schematic with assigned elevations or simply use elevations determined by the coordinates of the system drawing.

The models can be full 3D representing a complete piping system for a 3D structure or schematics of a flow system.

 Models can be developed_

• From scratch by putting nodes and elements directly on the screen with the screen editors,
• by starting with the Quick Modeler that generates a basic template,
• by importing a text file list of nodal coordinates, then finishing by connecting elements and assigning properties with the pipe element editor, or
• by importing a simple model described by a text file
• by importing a drawing exchange file (dxf) from a CAD application.

Single line pumping situations

Develop pumping requirements and pipe sizes for typical single line pumping situations, accounting for losses from friction, reentrants, and pipe fittings.  

Water distribution systems

CADRE Flow can solve any distribution network (e.g. area water systems, fire suppression sprinkler systems), enabling the determination of supply requirements, piping sizes. The system at the left could be a zonal system for a small town.

Develop load requirements for piping joints

 Both pressure and momentum forces can be developed combined or individually.

Simulate low speed air duct systems

Graphical outputs

Plot hydraulic grade lines, energy lines, distributions of pressure head, velocity, flow rate, etc. over any selected path in a fluid flow network

Turbines and pumps

Output for turbines are total power available, net effective head, and unit discharge.